Retrofit for Traditional Buildings

Using learnings from a recent training event, Senior Architectural Technologist, Taylor Davison discusses Retrofit and Energy Efficiency Measures for Older and Traditional Buildings. This training was delivered by Historic Environment Scotland and deepens our understanding of how historic, old and traditional buildings can be retrofitted without undermining their character.

How do we retrofit traditional buildings?

One of the strongest messages on the course was that traditional buildings require a bespoke approach. Unlike modern construction, older properties rely on breathability and moisture movement. Applying off-the-shelf retrofit solutions can not only compromise performance but also damage building fabric. We spent considerable time examining how to approach insulation, ventilation, and airtightness in ways that respect the original materials and detailing.

The course introduced the ‘whole-building approach’, which, in my view, is the most effective way to retrofit traditional properties. While the fabric first philosophy—prioritising upgrades to walls, roofs, floors, and windows—is a useful starting point, it doesn’t tell the whole story.

The ‘whole-building’ retrofit approach

We must think more broadly, considering how materials, ventilation, heating systems, occupant behaviour, and the building’s original design all interact. A whole-building strategy recognises that improving one aspect in isolation can have unintended consequences on another part of the building. For example, adding insulation without improving ventilation can trap moisture and cause decay in traditional structures.

This integrated mindset not only reduces the risk of failure but also often leads to better long-term outcomes in energy performance, occupant comfort, and fabric preservation. This was demonstrated by the real-world case studies, including both successes and failures, which give us practical insight into what works—and what can go wrong when the broader context isn’t considered. Examples where well-intentioned fabric upgrades led to damp problems reiterated the importance of a whole-building perspective.

One of the most meaningful insights was the principle that heritage and sustainability are not in opposition. If anything, they complement each other. Many traditional buildings were built to last—using low-carbon, locally sourced materials long before those terms became industry buzzwords.

The course equipped us to communicate that story to clients and stakeholders: retrofitting is not just about reducing carbon footprints, but also about enhancing and futureproofing the performance and lifespan of our existing building stock.

In conclusion, the training has provided the confidence and tools to approach retrofit in a sensitive, informed and effective manner. Thinking holistically – about the building as a living system – is the most impactful and responsible way to ensure both energy efficiency and heritage protection.

We look forward to putting this enhanced knowledge into our ongoing practice working with existing buildings. If you think GLM could be of help with any matter regarding this subject then please do send Taylor an email – taylor.davison@weareglm.com

Main Image Credit – True Build Ltd.